2022年 11月 3日

python读写xml文件

1.python创建xml

使用xml.etree.ElementTree来操作xml
  • 创建节点：root = ET.Element(‘root’， attribute),

                其中， attribute是属性字典，需要属性时可以添加

  • 创建文档：tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
  • 设置文本值：element.text = ‘default’
  • 设置属性：element.set(‘age’, str(i))
  • 添加节点：root.append(element)
  • 写入文档：tree.write(‘*.xml’, encoding=’utf-8′, xml_declaration=True 

               其中，xml_declaration=True表示对xml声明，<?xml version=’1.0′ encoding=’utf-8′?>

示例：

  1. import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
  2. from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
  3. root = ET.Element('Root')
  4. tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
  5. name = Element("name", {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'})
  6. name.text = "xiaoming"
  7. age = Element("age")
  8. age.text = "12"
  9. gender = Element("gender")
  10. gender.text = "男"
  11. root.append(name)
  12. root.append(age)
  13. root.append(gender)
  14. tree.write("1.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

结果如下：

但是此时的xml文件和我们平时常见的格式不太一样，如何转变成标准的格式呢？ 

思路就是在每个节点之后添加”\n\t”

代码如下：

  1. import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
  2. from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
  3.  
  4. def __indent(elem, level=0):
  5.     i = "\n" + level*"\t"
  6.     if len(elem):
  7.         if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
  8.             elem.text = i + "\t"
  9.         if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
  10.             elem.tail = i
  11.         for elem in elem:
  12.             __indent(elem, level+1)
  13.         if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
  14.             elem.tail = i
  15.     else:
  16.         if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
  17.             elem.tail = i
  18.  
  19. root = ET.Element('Root')
  20. tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
  21. name = Element("name", {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'})
  22. name.text = "xiaoming"
  23. age = Element("age")
  24. age.text = "12"
  25. gender = Element("gender")
  26. gender.text = "男"
  27. root.append(name)
  28. root.append(age)
  29. root.append(gender)
  30. __indent(root)
  31. tree.write("1.xml", encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)
  32.  
  33.

结果如下：

2.python读取/修改xml 

tree = ET.parse(xml_path) 读取xml文档
root = tree.getroot() 获取根节点

示例：读取1.xml的内容，并添加属性，最后写入2.xml

  1. import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
  2. from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element
  3.  
  4. tree = ET.parse("1.xml")
  5. root = tree.getroot()
  6. for child in root:
  7.     print("tag:", child.tag)
  8.     print("tag:", child.text)
  9.     print("attrib:", child.attrib)
  10.     child.set("set:", "设置属性")
  11. tree.write("2.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)
  12.  
  13. """
  14. tag: name
  15. tag: xiaoming
  16. attrib: {'id': 'id2', 'order': 'order2'}
  17. tag: age
  18. tag: 12
  19. attrib: {}
  20. tag: gender
  21. tag: 男
  22. attrib: {}
  23. """

2.xml的内容如下：

 THANKS A LOT!

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hu694028833/article/details/81089959