2023年 3月 19日

python-pygame与pymunk-台球游戏

大家好，我是涵子。今天我为大家带来pygame-pymunk的台球游戏！

友情提醒：

如果不认识pymunk的同学可以去看看之前的文章：

python-编程宇宙-计算机网络的宇宙希望大家可以更加了解pymunk！

目录

 一、前面准备

二、中间程序

 三、最后程序

四、效果图

五、完整代码

六、总结

 一、前面准备

和之前一样，就是加了一个pymunk和一些变量：

  1. # -coding utf-8 -
  2. # import pygame, pymunk and sys
  3. import pygame as pg
  4. import pymunk as pm
  5. import sys
  6.  
  7. # init program
  8. pg.init()
  9. # set screen
  10. screen = pg.display.set_mode((800, 500)) # cannot change the size of the screen
  11. # set title
  12. pg.display.set_caption("Billiards", "4.0")
  13.  
  14. # pymunk Space
  15. space = pm.Space()
  16. # gravity
  17. # gravity and speed
  18. space.gravity = (0, 0) # gravity = 0
  19.  
  20. # colors for draw
  21. white = (236, 240, 241)  # white
  22. gray = (123, 125, 125) # gray
  23. stage = (51, 51, 51) # stage
  24.  
  25. points = [""] * 16 # particleBalls
  26.  
  27. balls = [""] * 16 # rigid bodies
  28.  
  29. y = 0 # Ypos
  30.  
  31. x = 0 # Xpos
  32.  
  33. n = 5 # create n
  34.  
  35. # colors, use for balls
  36. colors = ["yellow", "blue", "red", "purple", "orange", "green", "brown", "black", 
  37.          "yellow", "blue", "red", "purple", "orange", "green", "brown","white"]

pymunk.sapce和gravity是啥？没事，我们来看看：

这就是用pymunk做的一个程序。之前的文章里有代码。

space就是指一个空间，gravity就是重力。我们不需要重力。

二、中间程序

  1. # def draw
  2. def draw():
  3.     # screen fill
  4.     screen.fill(white)
  5.     # draw stage
  6.     pg.draw.line(screen, gray, (0, 250), (800, 250), 500)
  7.     pg.draw.line(screen, stage, (20, 250), (780, 250), 460)
  8.     # draw a ball in the pygame, pos is the points' and balls'
  9.     # make the ball has gravity
  10.     # show the ball
  11.     # use range
  12.     for i in range(16):
  13.         # if it appears, then--
  14.         # if it doesn't, don't draw it, or system wrong
  15.          if points[i]:
  16.             # --draw circle
  17.             pg.draw.circle(screen, colors[i], points[i].position, 10)
  18.     # update space, can change ball's position
  19.     space.step(0.2) # use space.step
  20.  
  21. # create holes this list
  22. holes = [(20,20),(400,20),(780,20),(20,480),(400,480),(780,480)]
  23.  
  24. # def drawHole
  25. def drawHole():
  26.     # use loop
  27.     for h in holes:
  28.         # draw circle
  29.         pg.draw.circle(screen,'gray',h,20)
  30.  
  31. # def dis
  32. def dis():
  33.     # global first
  34.     global points,balls
  35.     # use loop
  36.     for i,p in enumerate(points):
  37.         # check pos
  38.         for h in holes:
  39.             # check
  40.             if p and (p.position[0]-h[0])**2+(p.position[1]-h[1])**2<400:
  41.                 # make the ball disappear
  42.                  points[i] = ""
  43.                  balls[i] = ""
  44.  
  45. # def friction
  46. def friction():
  47.     # make the balls speed be slower and slower
  48.     # global first!
  49.     global points
  50.     for v in points:
  51.         # if v is appear
  52.         if v:
  53.             # then make the speed slower
  54.             v.velocity *= 0.99
  55.  
  56. # def cue
  57. def cue():
  58.     # get white ball speed(velocity)
  59.     # it is a little bit difficult
  60.     # if abs(speed) < 0.1, the do next
  61.     # because of there will have -num, so we need abs!
  62.     # first need loop!
  63.     # staticflag
  64.     staticFlag = 1
  65.     for i in points:
  66.         # check
  67.         # switch thinking is on again!
  68.         if i and (abs(i.velocity[0]) > 0.1 or abs(i.velocity[1]) > 0.1):
  69.             # there's a ball is running!
  70.             staticFlag = 0
  71.     # then check
  72.     if points[15] and staticFlag == 1:
  73.         # get pos
  74.         mPos = pg.mouse.get_pos()
  75.         # draw cue
  76.         pg.draw.line(screen,(249,231,159),points[15].position,mPos,5)
  77.         # get if pressed
  78.         if pg.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
  79.             # move ball and cue, and boom!
  80.             # wallop!
  81.             points[15].apply_impulse_at_local_point(((points[15].position[0]-mPos[0]),(points[15].position[1]-mPos[1])),(0,0))
  82.  
  83. # create balls
  84. # def create
  85. def create():
  86.     # global first, or system error
  87.     global points,balls
  88.     # create y, x, n
  89.     y = 0
  90.     x = 0
  91.     n = 5
  92.     # create balls of particle balls and rigid bodies
  93.     for i in range(15):
  94.         # creat particle balls and rigid bodies
  95.         points[i] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  96.         points[i].position = 150+x,250+y-n*10
  97.         balls[i] = pm.Circle(points[i],10)
  98.         # elasticity
  99.         balls[i].elasticity = 0.95
  100.         space.add(points[i],balls[i])
  101.         y+=20
  102.         # check pos
  103.         if y>=20*n:
  104.             # change y
  105.             y = 0
  106.             # change x
  107.             x +=20
  108.             # chang n
  109.             n-=1
  110.     # create white ball
  111.     points[15] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  112.     points[15].position = 450,250
  113.     balls[15] = pm.Circle(points[15],10)
  114.     balls[15].elasticity = 0.95
  115.     space.add(points[15],balls[15])
  116.  
  117. # def wall
  118. def wall():
  119.     # create a wall
  120.     # it umm... difficult, not very easy for everyone
  121.     # it just like a air wall
  122.     # put these static_body wall into a list
  123.     lines = [
  124.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(790,10),20),
  125.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(10,490),20),
  126.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(790,10),(790,490),20),
  127.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,490),(790,490),20)
  128.     ]
  129.     # use range to check lines
  130.     for line in lines:
  131.         # elasticity
  132.         line.elasticity = 1
  133.         # friction
  134.         line.friction = 0.9
  135.     space.add(*lines) # add lines

额，好长是不？

 没事，我慢慢讲。（此时我已经开始颤抖）

注释里有，自己去翻译吧！

首先，遇到的问题就是画画。

  1. # def draw
  2. def draw():
  3.     # screen fill
  4.     screen.fill(white)
  5.     # draw stage
  6.     pg.draw.line(screen, gray, (0, 250), (800, 250), 500)
  7.     pg.draw.line(screen, stage, (20, 250), (780, 250), 460)
  8.     # draw a ball in the pygame, pos is the points' and balls'
  9.     # make the ball has gravity
  10.     # show the ball
  11.     # use range
  12.     for i in range(16):
  13.         # if it appears, then--
  14.         # if it doesn't, don't draw it, or system wrong
  15.          if points[i]:
  16.             # --draw circle
  17.             pg.draw.circle(screen, colors[i], points[i].position, 10)
  18.     # update space, can change ball's position
  19.     space.step(0.2) # use space.step

首先画好外面的边框，填满里面的颜色，然后再画出里面的球（后面的程序衔接上这个函数）。可是有一个问题，为什么要有if points[i]，你想想，要是球掉洞里了还会出现吗？

然后面临的问题是画洞和判断球进去了没。

  1. # create holes this list
  2. holes = [(20,20),(400,20),(780,20),(20,480),(400,480),(780,480)]
  3.  
  4. # def drawHole
  5. def drawHole():
  6.     # use loop
  7.     for h in holes:
  8.         # draw circle
  9.         pg.draw.circle(screen,'gray',h,20)
  10.  
  11. # def dis
  12. def dis():
  13.     # global first
  14.     global points,balls
  15.     # use loop
  16.     for i,p in enumerate(points):
  17.         # check pos
  18.         for h in holes:
  19.             # check
  20.             if p and (p.position[0]-h[0])**2+(p.position[1]-h[1])**2<400:
  21.                 # make the ball disappear
  22.                  points[i] = ""
  23.                  balls[i] = ""

这里用到了enumerate，额，有难了点哈。

想让球消失，那就把i索引的东西删掉（就是变成一个空字符串）

下面就是噩梦了！（苦痛之路）

  1. # def friction
  2. def friction():
  3.     # make the balls speed be slower and slower
  4.     # global first!
  5.     global points
  6.     for v in points:
  7.         # if v is appear
  8.         if v:
  9.             # then make the speed slower
  10.             v.velocity *= 0.99
  11.  
  12. # def cue
  13. def cue():
  14.     # get white ball speed(velocity)
  15.     # it is a little bit difficult
  16.     # if abs(speed) < 0.1, the do next
  17.     # because of there will have -num, so we need abs!
  18.     # first need loop!
  19.     # staticflag
  20.     staticFlag = 1
  21.     for i in points:
  22.         # check
  23.         # switch thinking is on again!
  24.         if i and (abs(i.velocity[0]) > 0.1 or abs(i.velocity[1]) > 0.1):
  25.             # there's a ball is running!
  26.             staticFlag = 0
  27.     # then check
  28.     if points[15] and staticFlag == 1:
  29.         # get pos
  30.         mPos = pg.mouse.get_pos()
  31.         # draw cue
  32.         pg.draw.line(screen,(249,231,159),points[15].position,mPos,5)
  33.         # get if pressed
  34.         if pg.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
  35.             # move ball and cue, and boom!
  36.             # wallop!
  37.             points[15].apply_impulse_at_local_point(((points[15].position[0]-mPos[0]),(points[15].position[1]-mPos[1])),(0,0))
  38.  
  39. # create balls
  40. # def create
  41. def create():
  42.     # global first, or system error
  43.     global points,balls
  44.     # create y, x, n
  45.     y = 0
  46.     x = 0
  47.     n = 5
  48.     # create balls of particle balls and rigid bodies
  49.     for i in range(15):
  50.         # creat particle balls and rigid bodies
  51.         points[i] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  52.         points[i].position = 150+x,250+y-n*10
  53.         balls[i] = pm.Circle(points[i],10)
  54.         # elasticity
  55.         balls[i].elasticity = 0.95
  56.         space.add(points[i],balls[i])
  57.         y+=20
  58.         # check pos
  59.         if y>=20*n:
  60.             # change y
  61.             y = 0
  62.             # change x
  63.             x +=20
  64.             # chang n
  65.             n-=1
  66.     # create white ball
  67.     points[15] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  68.     points[15].position = 450,250
  69.     balls[15] = pm.Circle(points[15],10)
  70.     balls[15].elasticity = 0.95
  71.     space.add(points[15],balls[15])
  72.  
  73. # def wall
  74. def wall():
  75.     # create a wall
  76.     # it umm... difficult, not very easy for everyone
  77.     # it just like a air wall
  78.     # put these static_body wall into a list
  79.     lines = [
  80.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(790,10),20),
  81.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(10,490),20),
  82.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(790,10),(790,490),20),
  83.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,490),(790,490),20)
  84.     ]
  85.     # use range to check lines
  86.     for line in lines:
  87.         # elasticity
  88.         line.elasticity = 1
  89.         # friction
  90.         line.friction = 0.9
  91.     space.add(*lines) # add lines

包含了摩擦力，球杆控制和墙体的定义。

看到了这里，还不点个赞？（非强迫，喜欢就点）

接下来就是干货！（此时要有bgm响起！）

和之前一样用循环遍历所有球，如果有球就减速。没有的话就跳过。接下来$%!)@(*#@$(*&

算了，我已经看见了你们满脸的疑惑。来，我还是慢慢来吧！

这里又一次运用到了开关思维。实在不行的同学直接跳过。到达最后的完整代码就可以了。

太难了是不？

接下来就是用上质点和刚体组成现实（游戏）中的球。相当于用pymunk做出原子核，用pygame泼油漆，做模型。 

后面用segment和列表把墙体加入游戏。

后面就是结尾了！

 三、最后程序

  1. # use wall
  2. wall()
  3.  
  4. # create balls before loop, or boom, or system wrong
  5. create()
  6. # check fps and events
  7. fps = pg.time.Clock()
  8. while True:
  9.     # tick fps
  10.     fps.tick(60)
  11.     # quit events
  12.     event = pg.event.poll()
  13.     if event.type==pg.QUIT:
  14.         pg.quit()
  15.         sys.exit()
  16.         exit()
  17.     # main program
  18.     dis()
  19.     draw()
  20.     friction()
  21.     cue()
  22.     drawHole()
  23.     # display program
  24.     pg.display.update()

好像平平无奇是吗？挺简单的是吗？额，的确是的。

就是调用函数，检查程序退出。

四、效果图

 牛皮吧？

五、完整代码

附上完整代码：

  1. # -coding utf-8 -
  2. # import pygame, pymunk and sys
  3. import pygame as pg
  4. import pymunk as pm
  5. import sys
  6.  
  7. # init program
  8. pg.init()
  9. # set screen
  10. screen = pg.display.set_mode((800, 500)) # cannot change the size of the screen
  11. # set title
  12. pg.display.set_caption("Billiards", "4.0")
  13.  
  14. # pymunk Space
  15. space = pm.Space()
  16. # gravity
  17. # gravity and speed
  18. space.gravity = (0, 0) # gravity = 0
  19.  
  20. # colors for draw
  21. white = (236, 240, 241)  # white
  22. gray = (123, 125, 125) # gray
  23. stage = (51, 51, 51) # stage
  24.  
  25. points = [""] * 16 # particleBalls
  26.  
  27. balls = [""] * 16 # rigid bodies
  28.  
  29. y = 0 # Ypos
  30.  
  31. x = 0 # Xpos
  32.  
  33. n = 5 # create n
  34.  
  35. # colors, use for balls
  36. colors = ["yellow", "blue", "red", "purple", "orange", "green", "brown", "black", 
  37.          "yellow", "blue", "red", "purple", "orange", "green", "brown","white"]
  38.  
  39. # def draw
  40. def draw():
  41.     # screen fill
  42.     screen.fill(white)
  43.     # draw stage
  44.     pg.draw.line(screen, gray, (0, 250), (800, 250), 500)
  45.     pg.draw.line(screen, stage, (20, 250), (780, 250), 460)
  46.     # draw a ball in the pygame, pos is the points' and balls'
  47.     # make the ball has gravity
  48.     # show the ball
  49.     # use range
  50.     for i in range(16):
  51.         # if it appears, then--
  52.         # if it doesn't, don't draw it, or system wrong
  53.          if points[i]:
  54.             # --draw circle
  55.             pg.draw.circle(screen, colors[i], points[i].position, 10)
  56.     # update space, can change ball's position
  57.     space.step(0.2) # use space.step
  58.  
  59. # create holes this list
  60. holes = [(20,20),(400,20),(780,20),(20,480),(400,480),(780,480)]
  61.  
  62. # def drawHole
  63. def drawHole():
  64.     # use loop
  65.     for h in holes:
  66.         # draw circle
  67.         pg.draw.circle(screen,'gray',h,20)
  68.  
  69. # def dis
  70. def dis():
  71.     # global first
  72.     global points,balls
  73.     # use loop
  74.     for i,p in enumerate(points):
  75.         # check pos
  76.         for h in holes:
  77.             # check
  78.             if p and (p.position[0]-h[0])**2+(p.position[1]-h[1])**2<400:
  79.                 # make the ball disappear
  80.                  points[i] = ""
  81.                  balls[i] = ""
  82.  
  83. # def friction
  84. def friction():
  85.     # make the balls speed be slower and slower
  86.     # global first!
  87.     global points
  88.     for v in points:
  89.         # if v is appear
  90.         if v:
  91.             # then make the speed slower
  92.             v.velocity *= 0.99
  93.  
  94. # def cue
  95. def cue():
  96.     # get white ball speed(velocity)
  97.     # it is a little bit difficult
  98.     # if abs(speed) < 0.1, the do next
  99.     # because of there will have -num, so we need abs!
  100.     # first need loop!
  101.     # staticflag
  102.     staticFlag = 1
  103.     for i in points:
  104.         # check
  105.         # switch thinking is on again!
  106.         if i and (abs(i.velocity[0]) > 0.1 or abs(i.velocity[1]) > 0.1):
  107.             # there's a ball is running!
  108.             staticFlag = 0
  109.     # then check
  110.     if points[15] and staticFlag == 1:
  111.         # get pos
  112.         mPos = pg.mouse.get_pos()
  113.         # draw cue
  114.         pg.draw.line(screen,(249,231,159),points[15].position,mPos,5)
  115.         # get if pressed
  116.         if pg.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
  117.             # move ball and cue, and boom!
  118.             # wallop!
  119.             points[15].apply_impulse_at_local_point(((points[15].position[0]-mPos[0]),(points[15].position[1]-mPos[1])),(0,0))
  120.  
  121. # create balls
  122. # def create
  123. def create():
  124.     # global first, or system error
  125.     global points,balls
  126.     # create y, x, n
  127.     y = 0
  128.     x = 0
  129.     n = 5
  130.     # create balls of particle balls and rigid bodies
  131.     for i in range(15):
  132.         # creat particle balls and rigid bodies
  133.         points[i] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  134.         points[i].position = 150+x,250+y-n*10
  135.         balls[i] = pm.Circle(points[i],10)
  136.         # elasticity
  137.         balls[i].elasticity = 0.95
  138.         space.add(points[i],balls[i])
  139.         y+=20
  140.         # check pos
  141.         if y>=20*n:
  142.             # change y
  143.             y = 0
  144.             # change x
  145.             x +=20
  146.             # chang n
  147.             n-=1
  148.     # create white ball
  149.     points[15] = pm.Body(1,2000)
  150.     points[15].position = 450,250
  151.     balls[15] = pm.Circle(points[15],10)
  152.     balls[15].elasticity = 0.95
  153.     space.add(points[15],balls[15])
  154.  
  155. # def wall
  156. def wall():
  157.     # create a wall
  158.     # it umm... difficult, not very easy for everyone
  159.     # it just like a air wall
  160.     # put these static_body wall into a list
  161.     lines = [
  162.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(790,10),20),
  163.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,10),(10,490),20),
  164.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(790,10),(790,490),20),
  165.     pm.Segment(space.static_body,(10,490),(790,490),20)
  166.     ]
  167.     # use range to check lines
  168.     for line in lines:
  169.         # elasticity
  170.         line.elasticity = 1
  171.         # friction
  172.         line.friction = 0.9
  173.     space.add(*lines) # add lines
  174.  
  175. # use wall
  176. wall()
  177.  
  178. # create balls before loop, or boom, or system wrong
  179. create()
  180. # check fps and events
  181. fps = pg.time.Clock()
  182. while True:
  183.     # tick fps
  184.     fps.tick(60)
  185.     # quit events
  186.     event = pg.event.poll()
  187.     if event.type==pg.QUIT:
  188.         pg.quit()
  189.         sys.exit()
  190.         exit()
  191.     # main program
  192.     dis()
  193.     draw()
  194.     friction()
  195.     cue()
  196.     drawHole()
  197.     # display program
  198.     pg.display.update()

六、总结

通过这次学习和实践，我们更加了解了pymunk和pygame，认识到了python的强大。

最后，我希望大家：点个赞！关注一下。

我将持续更新关于编程的优质文章。希望大家可以和我一起学习知识，一起领略知识的力量！